Document Type : Research Article
Authors
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru, Indonesia
2
Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
3
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, bandung, Indonesia
4
Gerontological Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University. Makassar, Indonesia
5
Laboratory of Natural Products and Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
Abstract
Sonneratia (Lythraceae), a mangrove plant genus, is a source of metabolites and has been used in traditional medicine. This study investigated the phytochemical content, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of different plant parts of Sonneratia x urama extracts and profiled metabolites in the most active extract. The result showed that the fruit, root, and stem bark of S. x urama extract contained high phenolics. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) (460.77±1.71 mgGAE/g dry extract) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) (16.18±0.08 mgQE/g dry extract) were recorded in stem bark extract compared to other extracts. This extract also showed the highest antioxidant capacity based on DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods with 4838.31±7.77, 2586.95±3.23, and 1953.83±11.35 µmolTE/g dry extract, respectively. α-glucosidase inhibitory assay showed that the stembark of S. x urama has the highest activity with IC50 64.07±7.23 µg/mL. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS was used to profile the metabolites of the stem bark extract. Stem bark extract contained several putative compounds such as 3,4’-di-O-methyl ellagic acid, ellagic acid, hallactone B, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, 3,4-dihydroxy mandelic acid, chelirubine, gallic acid, etc. These findings suggested that the stem bark, fruit, and root of S. x urama can be a potential source of antioxidant and antidiabetic agents.
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