Chemical Review and Letters

Synthesis and crystal structures of metal complexes of 4-chloro-and 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Bekmurod Xurramovich Alimnazarov 1, 2
Khayit Turaev 1
Jamshid Mengnorovich Ashurov 3
M. Yulchieva 2
Jabbor Ro‘ziboyevich Suyunov 1
Abdusamat Abdujabborovich Rasulov 4
K. Shoyimova 5

1 Termez State University, Barkamol Avlod Street 43, Termez, Uzbekistan.

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Termez State University of Engineering and Agrotechnologies, P. O. Box: 190111, Termez, Uzbekistan.

3 Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, P. O. Box: 100125, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

4 Termez University of Economics and Service, Termez, Uzbekistan.

5 Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, Termez University of Economics and Service, Termez, Uzbekistan.

https://doi.org/10.22034/crl.2025.545682.1691
Abstract
Today, in a period of global climate change and environmental problems, the world is experiencing a decline in the productivity of agricultural crops. The need for effective chemical compounds that control the growth of cultivated plants and increase their productivity is increasing. In world agriculture, obtaining stimulants that are low in toxicity and highly effective, increasing plant productivity and combating various harmful insects and phytopathogenic microorganisms are important issues. It is known that 4-chlorophenoxyacetic (4-D) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acids are widely used in agriculture as herbicides and plant growth stimulants. 2,4-D, which is considered a systemic herbicide, moves easily in the plant body together with nutrients and metabolic products and leads to general poisoning (deformation of plant stems and leaves, their brittleness, growth retardation). This is an important factor in controlling perennial weeds with a well-developed root system. Contact and systemic herbicides are sprayed on the surface of the plant leaf, as well as introduced into the soil. 2,4-D has a selective effect mainly on dicotyledonous weeds, so it is widely used in monocotyledonous crop fields. On the basis of these compounds, many studies have been conducted on the synthesis of highly biologically active complex compounds and the study of their molecular and crystal structures and the determination of their mechanism of action. As a rule, these compounds exhibit herbicidal properties in high concentrations, but in microconcentrations (less than 0.001%) they serve as plant growth accelerators (stimulants).

Graphical Abstract

Synthesis and crystal structures of metal complexes of 4-chloro-and 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Keywords

4-chlorophenoxyacetic (4-D)
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) acids
complex compounds
biologically active

Subjects

Chemical Review and Letters
Volume 9, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
March and April 2026
Pages 286-304

  • Receive Date 07 September 2025
  • Revise Date 19 December 2025
  • Accept Date 20 December 2025

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