Determination of Fenvalerate reside in raisin via vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction (VSLLME) method by using HPLC system

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Chemistry, Payam Noor University, Maragheh

2 Tofigh Daru Research and Engineering Pharmaceutical Company

3 Department of Chemistry, Maragheh branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh

Abstract

In this project, ultra-trace amounts of Fenvalerate residue in raisin, were determined via vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification liquid–liquid micro extraction (VSLLME) method and by using HPLC-PDA detector at 225nm. In the VSLLME method, the extraction solvent is dispersed into the aqueous samples by assistance of vortex agitator. Meanwhile, the addition of a surfactant, which was used as an emulsifier, could enhance the rate of the mass-transfer from aqueous samples to the extraction solvent. The main parameters relevant to this method were investigated and the optimum conditions were established: 20 µL chlorobenzene was used as extraction solvent, 0.9 mmol.L-1CTAB was selected as the surfactant, the extraction time was fixed at 60s, 2% sodium chloride was added and the extraction process was performed under the room temperature. Under the optimum conditions, limit of detection (LOD) was 0.3 ng mL-1. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n=6) was 2.87%. The linearity was obtained by five points in the concentration range of 0.3 to 100.0 ng mL-1. Correlation coefficients (R2) was 0.9997, and the enrichment factor (EF) was 114. Finally, the proposed method has been successfully applied for determination of Fenvalerate in real samples. The recoveries of the target analyte in raisins samples were between 84.13% and 92.12%.

Keywords


[1] International Organisation of Vine and Wine, World vitiviniculture situation 2017. http//:oiv.int
[2] F. Ghasemi, S. Pirsa, M. Alizadeh, F. Mohtarami, Extraction and determination of volatile organic acid concentration in pomegranate, sour cherry, and red grape juices by PPy-Ag nanocomposite fiber for authentication. Sep. Sci. Technol., 53 (2018) 117-125; b) M. Alizadeh, S. Pirsa, N. Faraji, Determination of lemon juice adulteration by analysis of gas chromatography profile of volatile organic compounds extracted with nano-sized polyester-polyaniline fiber, Food. Anal. Method., 10 (2017) 2092-2101; c) S. Pirsa, M. Alizadeh, N. Ghahremannejad, Application of nano-sized poly N-phenyl pyrrole coated polyester fiber to headspace microextraction of some volatile organic compounds and analysis by gas chromatography. Curr. Anal. Chem., 12 (2016) 457-464.
[3] a) K. Y.Wang, Y.Zhang, H. Y.Wang, X. M.Xia, T. X. Liu, Influence of three diets on susceptibility of selected insecticides and activities of detoxification esterases of Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 96 (2010) 51-55.b) S. Pirsa, N. Alizadeh, M. Zandi, H. Almasi, Determination of Dimethylsulfoxide in Water by Capillary Gas Chromatography-Gas Sensor Based on Nanostructure Conducting Polypyrrole. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Asia., 6 (2016) 105-112; c) A. Saidfar, M. Alizadeh, S. Pirsa, Application of Nano-sized Poly (N-methyl pyrrole-pyrrole) Fiber to the Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of Volatile Organic Compounds from Yogurt. J. Chem. Lett., 1 (2020) 39-46.
[4] T. L. Adelsbach, R. S. Tjeerdema, In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,(Springer, New York, 2003) 137-154; F. Ghasemi, M. Alizadeh, S. Pirsa, and F. Mohtarami, Study of the Physicochemical Properties/Gas Chromatography Profile of Adulterated Pomegranate Juice by Nano-Composite-Fiber. J. Agricultur. Sci. Technol., 21 (2019) 1447-1458.
[5] E. U. Directive, 128/EC of The European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides. EU, Brussels, (2009)
[6] J. Fenik, M. Tankiewicz, M. Biziuk, Properties and determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Trends. Analyt. Chem., 30 (2011) 814-826.
[7] Z. H. Yang, Y. L. Lu, Y. Liu, T. Wu, Z. Q. Zhou, D. H. Liu, Vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced-emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction, J. Chromatogr. A., 1218 (2011) 7071-7077.
[8] N. B. Abu-Bakar, A. Makahleh, B. Saad, Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of furfurals and patulin in fruit juices, Talanta., 120 (2014) 47-54.
[9] a) S. Kalantari, L. Roufegarinejad, S. Pirsa, M. Gharekhani, Green extraction of bioactive compounds of pomegranate peel using β-Cyclodextrin and ultrasound. Main. Group. Chem., 19 (2020) 61-80; b) M. Payab, A. Beheshti, S. A. Siadati, Development of a reversed-phase HPLC method for determination of related impurities of Lenalidomide, Chem. Rev. Lett., 3 (2020) 61-64.
[10] a) F. Rostami-Charati, Z. Hossaini, F. Sheikholeslami-Farahani, Z. Azizi, S. A. Siadati, Synthesis of 9H-furo [2, 3-f] Chromene Derivatives by Promoting ZnO Nanoparticles, Combinatorial. Chem. High. throughput. Screen., 18 (2015) 872-880.b) S.A. Siadati, Beyond the alternatives that switch the mechanism of the 1, 3-dipolar cycloadditions from concerted to stepwise or vice versa: a literature review, Prog. React. Kinet. Mech., 41 (2016) 331-344; c) S. A. Siadati, An example of a stepwise mechanism for the catalyst-free 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition between a nitrile oxide and an electron rich alkene, Tetrahedron. lett., 56 (2015) 4857-4863. d) S.A. Siadati, The Effect of Position Replacement of Functional Groups on the Stepwise character of 1, 3‐Dipolar Reaction of a Nitrile Oxide and an Alkene. Helvetica. Chimica. Acta., 99 (2016) 273-280.