@article { author = {Porgar, Sajjad and Rahmanian, Nejat}, title = {Phase equilibrium for hydrate formation in the Methane and Ethane system and effect of inhibitors}, journal = {Chemical Review and Letters}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {2-11}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eurasian Science Society (ESS)}, issn = {2676-7279}, eissn = {2645-4947}, doi = {10.22034/crl.2021.313255.1129}, abstract = {Gas hydrates form at various facilities related to the natural gas and process equipment in oil and gas fields, refineries, petrochemical and facilities in the chemical industry, in the presence of both natural gas and water, at high pressure and low temperature. In the present study, the equilibrium conditions of gas hydrate mixture formation including methane and ethane and also pure ethane are investigated. The conditions for binary hydrate formation without the presence of inhibitors have been used and the empirical research available in the field has been used to evaluate the accuracy of the present modeling. Hydoff software was used for modeling and the hydrate formation pressure was calculated. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the modeling, the values related to the calculation error were calculated from the existing experimental research and the results showed that there are 11%, 14% and 0.08% errors with Deaton & Frost, McLeod & Campbell, Holder & Grigoriou research, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the best case for modeling according to the experimental results is Holder & Grigoriou, and therefore a mathematical model is presented to estimate the formation conditions of the binary mixture of methane and ethane, which can be used with very high accuracy. Pure ethane was also tested with potassium chloride, sodium chloride and 5% methanol inhibitors and also without inhibitors and the results showed that the effect of adding methanol is greater than sodium chloride and potassium chloride, respectively, and ethane hydrate is formed at higher pressures.}, keywords = {Keywords: Gas Hydrate,Equilibrium,Modeling,Methane,Ethane}, url = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_142590.html}, eprint = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_142590_101654c11c8d307a768f5385464deae7.pdf} } @article { author = {Gopala, Lavanya and Yan, Yi-Jia and Chen, Zhi-Long}, title = {Detail Synthetic Study of Infrared Fluorescent Dyes: Design, Synthesis and Chemical Properties of their Photodynamic Therapy Probes}, journal = {Chemical Review and Letters}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {12-67}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eurasian Science Society (ESS)}, issn = {2676-7279}, eissn = {2645-4947}, doi = {10.22034/crl.2021.287098.1109}, abstract = {Dipyrromethene boron difluoride (BODIPY) derivatives can be used as effective photosensitizers (PS’s) to eradicate a broad spectrum of microbes that threaten the global population health. Moreover, these compounds could be used in diagnostic or therapy, controlling the balance between the fluorescence emission and the photodynamic activity. There is still much work to be done in the search for ideal PS’s with applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT). To effectively use near infrared region BODIPY dyes for labelling during biological analyses, or as biomarkers in biomedical applications such as imaging diagnosis, a hydrophilic character is usually required. It was found that the introduction of the strong electron-withdrawing group at the meso position in the BODIPY skeleton was responsible for the drastic bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum. Several studies on the development of small molecule fluorescent probes have been performed with short wavelengths and with poor water solubility. There should be new investigations to obtain more information on the mechanisms of photodynamic action relating to cell damage and experiments in vivo infection models. In order to understand the effect of the substituents, a predictive quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) regression model, based on theoretical holistic molecular descriptors as developed. An even better fluorescent probe would combine the photostability of the BODIPY group with a chromophore that absorbs at longer wavelength that makes for better light penetration in cells and tissues. In this review, we will summarize ideas on different wavelengths and hydroelectric abilities through modifications of molecular structures of the biological probe molecule. BODIPY’s materials and chemical modification methods for modulating the optical properties presented here could be versatile for developing efficient photo-responsive bio-related materials to control the biological activities and efficient quenchers on the biotechnological assays with labelled biomolecules.}, keywords = {BODIPY,Photodynamic therapy,Biological Probes,Photosensitizers,Fluorescence,QSAR-Studies}, url = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_132114.html}, eprint = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_132114_2a1357df57949f5b17768ed6da48a2ba.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghanavati, Bijan and Bozorgian, Alireza and Ghanavati, Javad}, title = {Removal of Copper (II) Ions from the Effluent by Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Tetrahydrofuran}, journal = {Chemical Review and Letters}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {68-75}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eurasian Science Society (ESS)}, issn = {2676-7279}, eissn = {2645-4947}, doi = {10.22034/crl.2022.326950.1152}, abstract = {In this study, a carbon nanotube modified with tetrahydrofuran was first synthesized. After preparing the adsorbent, discontinuous adsorption experiments of copper metal were performed on the adsorbent. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure the concentration of copper metal. In this paper also, the effect of contact time, adsorbent amount, PH, initial metal concentration and temperature were investigated. The experiments were performed at concentrations of 2 ppm to 35 ppm and at temperatures of 303 to 343 Kelvin. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency was obtained at PH about 5. Equilibrium contact time for 6 ppm concentration was obtained in 30 minutes and the optimal adsorbent is 0.2 g. After optimizing these variables, the maximum absorption value was 96.33%. Kinetic studies of copper removal by synthesized adsorbent were performed. The results obtained for discontinuous experiments follow the quasi-quadratic kinetic model with (R2 = 0.9931). Also, equilibrium studies of adsorption show that the adsorption process is better consistent with the Tamkin isotherm (R2 = 0.9683). In thermodynamic analysis, it is observed that the adsorption process is an endothermic process due to the positive enthalpy changes ( j/(mol .(_^0)K )) 3287.32, and the positive sign of Gibbs free energy at temperature K303 with value (1715.53 j) shows, the process is non-spontaneous. It is also a sign of positive and equal entropy changes (5.187 J * -K), which indicates an increase in entropy during the adsorption process in the system. Therefore, the absorption process is associated with an increase in irregularities.}, keywords = {Adsorption,heavy metals,Copper Metal,Carbon Nanotube,Tetrahydrofuran}, url = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_146501.html}, eprint = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_146501_20745d1d93839e47067de1568d9f7d18.pdf} } @article { author = {Edraki, Milad and Mousazadeh Moghaddampour, Issa and Banimahd Keivani, Mohammad and Sheydaei, Milad}, title = {Characterization and antimicrobial properties of Matcha green tea}, journal = {Chemical Review and Letters}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {76-82}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eurasian Science Society (ESS)}, issn = {2676-7279}, eissn = {2645-4947}, doi = {10.22034/crl.2022.324398.1147}, abstract = {Matcha, made from the finely ground powder of green tea leaves, is used as a nutritious food ingredient because of its unique properties. In this study, Matcha was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Also, the antimicrobial properties of Matcha against 8 types of bacteria, 1 type of fungus, and 1 type of yeast were investigated. The results showed that Matcha has a completely amorphous structure and has a high content of carbon and oxygen. The results of antibacterial tests showed that Matcha has the ability to inhibit gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as yeast, but has no effect on the fungus. Also, Matcha has a greater effect on gram-positive bacteria, which is due to the simple and reasonably porous cell wall of these bacteria. According to the results, the maximum and minimum inhibition zones created by Matcha belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively.}, keywords = {Matcha,Tea,Antimicrobial properties,Characterization}, url = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_147157.html}, eprint = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_147157_fca8ec80de5e3a8b951b92f7068afd6c.pdf} } @article { author = {Avşar, Cemre and Tümük, Didem and Ertunç, Suna and Gezerman, Ahmet Ozan}, title = {A Review on Ammono-Carbonation Reactions: Focusing on the Merseburg Process}, journal = {Chemical Review and Letters}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {83-91}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eurasian Science Society (ESS)}, issn = {2676-7279}, eissn = {2645-4947}, doi = {10.22034/crl.2022.329067.1154}, abstract = {Various approaches for sustainable waste management to develop the most cost efficient and feasible one are of importance, and valorization of industrial wastes or by-products has been gaining attention. Due enormous amounts of generated industrial wastes promising solutions are required to overcome increasing pressure on their environmental effects. Recycling of wastes and converting them into added value provides bulk consumption. One of the mostly accumulated industrial wastes, phosphogypsum (PG) and as well as flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) might perform good effectiveness in production of sulfate compounds. Ammono-carbonation reaction of any kind of gypsum (pure, PG or FGD gypsum) with ammonium carbonate known as Merseburg Process is used to produce ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate. This study focuses on a brief review of describing the reaction sequence, thermodynamics, and mechanism, as well as operating conditions affecting gypsum conversion, product yield and purity, to evaluate the more strategic and efficient process}, keywords = {Merseburg Process Gypsum ammonium sulphate,CO2 capture,Waste treatment,ammono-carbonation}, url = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_146502.html}, eprint = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_146502_a242fc76a821b3cee105e7efe4a85d34.pdf} } @article { author = {Djamatche Paul Valery, AKESSE and Kacou Alain Paterne, DALOGO and Akissi Lydie Chantal, KOFFI and David Leonce, KOUADIO}, title = {Assessment of metallic pollution (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu) of water and sediment in fish ponds located in a lowland in the city of Daloa}, journal = {Chemical Review and Letters}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {92-98}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eurasian Science Society (ESS)}, issn = {2676-7279}, eissn = {2645-4947}, doi = {10.22034/crl.2022.317864.1134}, abstract = {The Assessment of the metallic pollution of the water and sediment of four fish ponds located in the town of Daloa has been determined. To do this, water and sediment samples were taken from these ponds for the determination of Hg, Pb, Cd and Cu with the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of the analysis show that the water quality of the various fish ponds is influenced by the variation of the physicochemical parameters and that these waters are vulnerable to organic and inorganic pollution. Moreover, these results also revealed Cu (5.039 mg.L-1) and Hg (5.191 mg.L-1) are the metals most accumulated in the waters of fish ponds, while for sediments we have Cu (708.909 mg.kg-1) and Pb (1.22 mg.kg-1). The order of preferential accumulation of ETM in the water of these ponds is as follows: [Cu]>[Hg]>[Pb]>[Cd]. That of the sediments is [Cu]>[Pb]>[Hg]>[Cd]. This shows that whatever the study matrix, Cu is the most predominant metal. On the other hand, the values of the Geo index did indeed show a high intensity of the pollution of the sediment of fish ponds by Hg and Cu. These two metals would therefore present risks of metallic bioaccumulation of living organisms in this environment due to their presence and their strong accumulation}, keywords = {Heavy metal,physico-chemical parameters,Geo-accumulation index (Igeo),Metallic pollution}, url = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_146676.html}, eprint = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_146676_1119204cfe6f7dad0d2b0253f29d63b8.pdf} } @article { author = {Hoseyni, Seyed Jalal and Manoochehri, Mahboobeh and Daghighi Asli, Maryam}, title = {Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dibromido{[(2-Pyridyl) methyl](p-ethylphenyl)amine}Zinc}, journal = {Chemical Review and Letters}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {99-105}, year = {2022}, publisher = {Eurasian Science Society (ESS)}, issn = {2676-7279}, eissn = {2645-4947}, doi = {10.22034/crl.2022.318095.1137}, abstract = {The structure of compound has also been examined crystallographically. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 21/c. The title compound has been synthesized from the reaction of 4-ethyl-N-((pyridin-2-yl) methylene) benzeneamine with ZnBr2 metal salt. It has been characterized by using elemental analysis, MS, IR and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques.}, keywords = {ZnBr2,Schiff base,Monoclinic,Zinc (II) Complexes}, url = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_146583.html}, eprint = {https://www.chemrevlett.com/article_146583_01b05326f1726969288b5364aceeb4b2.pdf} }